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Flutter Counter

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beginner

In the following tutorial, we’re going to build a Counter in Flutter using the Bloc library.

demo

Key Topics

Setup

We’ll start off by creating a brand new Flutter project

Terminal window
flutter create flutter_counter

We can then go ahead and replace the contents of pubspec.yaml with

pubspec.yaml
name: flutter_counter
description: A new Flutter project.
version: 1.0.0+1
publish_to: none
environment:
sdk: ">=3.0.0 <4.0.0"
dependencies:
bloc: ^8.1.0
flutter:
sdk: flutter
flutter_bloc: ^8.1.1
dev_dependencies:
bloc_test: ^9.1.0
flutter_test:
sdk: flutter
integration_test:
sdk: flutter
mocktail: ^1.0.0
flutter:
uses-material-design: true

and then install all of our dependencies

Terminal window
flutter packages get

Project Structure

├── lib
│ ├── app.dart
│ ├── counter
│ │ ├── counter.dart
│ │ ├── cubit
│ │ │ └── counter_cubit.dart
│ │ └── view
│ │ ├── counter_page.dart
│ │ ├── counter_view.dart
│ │ └── view.dart
│ ├── counter_observer.dart
│ └── main.dart
├── pubspec.lock
├── pubspec.yaml

The application uses a feature-driven directory structure. This project structure enables us to scale the project by having self-contained features. In this example we will only have a single feature (the counter itself) but in more complex applications we can have hundreds of different features.

BlocObserver

The first thing we’re going to take a look at is how to create a BlocObserver which will help us observe all state changes in the application.

Let’s create lib/counter_observer.dart:

lib/counter_observer.dart
import 'package:bloc/bloc.dart';
/// {@template counter_observer}
/// [BlocObserver] for the counter application which
/// observes all state changes.
/// {@endtemplate}
class CounterObserver extends BlocObserver {
/// {@macro counter_observer}
const CounterObserver();
@override
void onChange(BlocBase<dynamic> bloc, Change<dynamic> change) {
super.onChange(bloc, change);
// ignore: avoid_print
print('${bloc.runtimeType} $change');
}
}

In this case, we’re only overriding onChange to see all state changes that occur.

main.dart

Next, let’s replace the contents of lib/main.dart with:

lib/main.dart
import 'package:bloc/bloc.dart';
import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
import 'package:flutter_counter/app.dart';
import 'package:flutter_counter/counter_observer.dart';
void main() {
Bloc.observer = const CounterObserver();
runApp(const CounterApp());
}

We’re initializing the CounterObserver we just created and calling runApp with the CounterApp widget which we’ll look at next.

Counter App

Let’s create lib/app.dart:

CounterApp will be a MaterialApp and is specifying the home as CounterPage.

lib/app.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_counter/counter/counter.dart';
/// {@template counter_app}
/// A [MaterialApp] which sets the `home` to [CounterPage].
/// {@endtemplate}
class CounterApp extends MaterialApp {
/// {@macro counter_app}
const CounterApp({super.key}) : super(home: const CounterPage());
}

Let’s take a look at CounterPage next!

Counter Page

Let’s create lib/counter/view/counter_page.dart:

The CounterPage widget is responsible for creating a CounterCubit (which we will look at next) and providing it to the CounterView.

lib/counter/view/counter_page.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_bloc/flutter_bloc.dart';
import 'package:flutter_counter/counter/counter.dart';
/// {@template counter_page}
/// A [StatelessWidget] which is responsible for providing a
/// [CounterCubit] instance to the [CounterView].
/// {@endtemplate}
class CounterPage extends StatelessWidget {
/// {@macro counter_page}
const CounterPage({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return BlocProvider(
create: (_) => CounterCubit(),
child: const CounterView(),
);
}
}

Counter Cubit

Let’s create lib/counter/cubit/counter_cubit.dart:

The CounterCubit class will expose two methods:

  • increment: adds 1 to the current state
  • decrement: subtracts 1 from the current state

The type of state the CounterCubit is managing is just an int and the initial state is 0.

lib/counter/cubit/counter_cubit.dart
import 'package:bloc/bloc.dart';
/// {@template counter_cubit}
/// A [Cubit] which manages an [int] as its state.
/// {@endtemplate}
class CounterCubit extends Cubit<int> {
/// {@macro counter_cubit}
CounterCubit() : super(0);
/// Add 1 to the current state.
void increment() => emit(state + 1);
/// Subtract 1 from the current state.
void decrement() => emit(state - 1);
}

Next, let’s take a look at the CounterView which will be responsible for consuming the state and interacting with the CounterCubit.

Counter View

Let’s create lib/counter/view/counter_view.dart:

The CounterView is responsible for rendering the current count and rendering two FloatingActionButtons to increment/decrement the counter.

lib/counter/view/counter_view.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_bloc/flutter_bloc.dart';
import 'package:flutter_counter/counter/counter.dart';
/// {@template counter_view}
/// A [StatelessWidget] which reacts to the provided
/// [CounterCubit] state and notifies it in response to user input.
/// {@endtemplate}
class CounterView extends StatelessWidget {
/// {@macro counter_view}
const CounterView({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final textTheme = Theme.of(context).textTheme;
return Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: BlocBuilder<CounterCubit, int>(
builder: (context, state) {
return Text('$state', style: textTheme.displayMedium);
},
),
),
floatingActionButton: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.end,
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.end,
children: <Widget>[
FloatingActionButton(
key: const Key('counterView_increment_floatingActionButton'),
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
onPressed: () => context.read<CounterCubit>().increment(),
),
const SizedBox(height: 8),
FloatingActionButton(
key: const Key('counterView_decrement_floatingActionButton'),
child: const Icon(Icons.remove),
onPressed: () => context.read<CounterCubit>().decrement(),
),
],
),
);
}
}

A BlocBuilder is used to wrap the Text widget in order to update the text any time the CounterCubit state changes. In addition, context.read<CounterCubit>() is used to look-up the closest CounterCubit instance.

Barrel

Create lib/counter/view/view.dart:

Add view.dart to export all public facing parts of counter view.

lib/counter/view/view.dart
export 'counter_page.dart';
export 'counter_view.dart';

Let’s create lib/counter/counter.dart:

Add counter.dart to export all the public facing parts of the counter feature.

lib/counter/counter.dart
export 'cubit/counter_cubit.dart';
export 'view/view.dart';

That’s it! We’ve separated the presentation layer from the business logic layer. The CounterView has no idea what happens when a user presses a button; it just notifies the CounterCubit. Furthermore, the CounterCubit has no idea what is happening with the state (counter value); it’s simply emitting new states in response to the methods being called.

We can run our app with flutter run and can view it on our device or simulator/emulator.

The full source (including unit and widget tests) for this example can be found here.